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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

“摩托大军”变迁彰显时代进步（中国道路中国梦）******

　　“以前过年回家骑摩托车，从广州回广西藤县要八九个小时，现在坐动车两小时就到家了，关键是安全、舒服，不用受风吹雨淋之苦。”这是一名返乡人的真实感受，也是“摩托大军”中不少人的共同心声。今年春节前后，广东、广西间321国道上骑着摩托车返乡、返工的“摩托大军”不复往年盛况，规模正在逐渐减少。

　　过去，“摩托大军”备受关注。众多摩托骑行者相约同行、满载年货，成为春运期间的独特图景。据广东省交通运输部门统计，高峰时返回各省份的“摩托大军”规模曾经超过100万人。怀揣着一份回家过年的期盼，他们通宵达旦骑行，从珠三角向家的方向前进。如今，无论是国道边的加油站，还是高速路上的收费站，相关工作人员都说很少见到摩托车扎堆了。这一交通之“变”，折射着国家发展之“进”。

　　“摩托大军”规模缩减，背后是中国交通尤其是高铁的发展进步。党的十八大以来，铁路建设者逢山开路、遇水架桥，我国铁路运营里程增长约5.3万公里。目前，我国高铁运营里程突破4万公里。尤其是近年来贵广、南广高铁的开通，连接起两广间铁路交通，不仅有效减少了通行时间，更实现了运输能力的快速增长。数据显示，开通高铁前，两广间每天单向运输能力约3万位，高铁开通后，如今春运高峰期间提升至近20万位。曾经火车票“一票难求”，而如今的高铁票，则随着运力的增长供应充足，让“常回家看看”更易实现。

　　“摩托大军”规模缩减，也见证了群众生活水平的提升。过去，务工人员选择骑摩托车返乡，既是由于春运车票紧张，也是出于节约费用的考虑。随着收入水平不断提升，务工人员出行也更加注重安全性、舒适性、时效性。过年返乡的方式从骑摩托“走得了”向乘高铁“走得好”转变，实则是一种出行观念的改变，折射出人们对美好生活的追求。除了运力提升外，铁路服务也在持续升级，特别是近年来互联网购票、列车网上订餐、电子客票等系列便民服务推出，以及铁路部门与地方政府、社会各界联合开行“温暖回家路”返乡爱心专列，这些举措都让务工人员的返乡路更加便捷、舒适、温馨。

　　“一个流动的中国，充满了繁荣发展的活力。”春运期间，铁路部门的服务保障关系千家万户，必须统筹做好春运组织和疫情防控工作，按照“适需安排、应急有备、精准匹配、梯次投放”的模式阶段性安排春运运能。一趟又一趟安全有序的列车，必将承载着人民群众的获得感不断向前，为沿线城乡发展注入新的动力。

　　(作者为中国铁路南宁局集团有限公司党委宣传部部长 刘 剑)

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）